US Sector Rotation · Volume I · 2026-05-14

Where the Money Is.A 57-pair ratio map of US equity, credit, FX, commodity, and international flows.

WINDOW 2025-05-14 to 2026-05-14
PAIRS 57  ·  TICKERS 63
SOURCE Godel Terminal, 1y, 120-day rolling correlation
BUILT 2026-05-15 02:32 UTC

A narrow, late-stage AI-and-debasement melt-up, funded by a falling dollar, with breadth collapsing and bond-market term premium quietly rising underneath.

Risk-on by index optics, defensive by breadth. Capital is flowing into mega-cap semiconductors, hard assets (silver, gold miners, lithium, copper), and a handful of secular themes (biotech, capital markets, cybersecurity, solar, emerging markets ex-China).

It is leaving financials, defensives, real estate, software ETFs, AI and robotics baskets, China large-caps, China internet, long bonds, and the US Dollar itself.

The yellow flags are clear. RSP/SPY at a 1-year low, XLY/XLP rolling over, the Treasury curve bear-steepening. The regime is late, not new.

Regime read. Late-stage AI-and-debasement melt-up. Risk-on optics, narrowing breadth, term premium creeping in.
Window
1y2025-05-14 to 2026-05-14
Pairs analysed
57across 8 analytical groups
Unique tickers
6311 sectors, 19 sub-sectors, 12 themes, 10 factors, 8 macro, 5 international
SPY hurdle (1y)
+26.1%every region, sector, and theme had to clear this

The Whole Map at a Glance

All 57 ratio pairs ranked by 1-year change. Hover for the full read-out.

LIT/XLB+91.4%
GDX/XLB+71.3%
XBI/XLV+55.7%
SMH/XLK+53.5%
GLD/TLT+46.2%
GDX/GLD+43.2%
OIH/XLE+41.9%
URA/XLE+41.4%
XLK/XLU+36.8%
TAN/XLE+32.9%
MTUM/USMV+31.5%
SPY/TLT+27.5%
ICLN/XLE+26.3%
HACK/IGV+24.7%
XLK/SPY+19.6%
EEM/SPY+16.3%
IAI/XLF+16.2%
GLD/SPY+14.6%
KRE/XLF+14.0%
KBE/XLF+12.8%
COPX/GDX+10.6%
ARKK/SPY+9.1%
IWM/SPY+8.0%
XLE/SPY+6.8%
XLY/XLP+5.5%
LQD/TLT+3.1%
EWJ/SPY+2.9%
HYG/TLT+2.3%
IWF/IWD+0.1%
XOP/XLE-0.4%
HYG/LQD-0.8%
IHF/XLV-1.4%
TLT/IEF-1.8%
XLI/SPY-3.1%
EFA/SPY-3.8%
XRT/XLY-4.0%
IYT/XLI-4.1%
XLB/SPY-4.2%
JETS/XLI-4.9%
KIE/XLF-5.1%
XLC/SPY-8.4%
RSP/SPY-9.7%
XLV/SPY-10.8%
XLU/SPY-12.5%
XLY/SPY-12.7%
ITB/XLY-13.6%
FXI/SPY-13.9%
XLRE/SPY-15.5%
XLP/SPY-17.2%
XLF/SPY-21.1%
UUP/SPY-21.5%
IHI/XLV-30.5%
UUP/GLD-31.5%
KWEB/EEM-39.1%
BOTZ/SMH-42.1%
IGV/XLK-43.7%
GLD/SLV-46.1%
−60%
+60%

Where Money Is Going · Where Money Is Leaving

1y window · ranked by flow conviction

Receiving capital

SMHSemiconductors, the AI trade itself+131.6% abs
LITLithium and battery materials+131% abs
SLVSilver, pro-cyclical industrial metal+168% abs
GDXGold miners, operating leverage to gold+107% abs
XLKMega-cap technology+50.9% abs
XBIBiotech, risk-on small-cap healthcare+75% abs
OIHOil services, picks-and-shovels of upstream capexratio +41.9%
IAICapital markets and broker-dealersratio +16.2%
IHFHealthcare providers (managed-care insurers)+17.4% / 1m
HACKCybersecurity, holding while broad software cracksratio +24.7%
TANSolar, rate-sensitive and acceleratingratio +32.9%
EEMEmerging markets ex-China (India, Taiwan, Korea, Brazil)ratio +16.3%

Losing capital

XLFFinancials, worst sector relative to SPYratio -21.1%
XLPConsumer staples, defensives capitulatedratio -17.2%
XLREReal estate, rate-sensitive REIT-heavy sectorratio -15.5%
XLUUtilities, the bond-proxy sectorratio -12.5%
XLYDiscretionary, only mega-caps carrying the sectorratio -12.7%
FXIChina large-cap, no return of capitalratio -13.9%
KWEBChina internet (Alibaba, Tencent, PDD)ratio -39.1%
IGVSoftware ETF, left behind by raw semisabs -15.1%
IHIMedical devices, rotation outratio -30.5%
ITBHomebuilders, active breakdownratio -13.6%
BOTZAI and robotics basket, beaten by raw chipsratio -42.1%
UUPUS Dollar, the funding leg of the melt-upratio -21.5%

A

Sectors vs SPY

Who is beating the broad market and who is bleeding

11 pairs · 1y window

Each of the eleven SPDR Select Sector ETFs (each one holds the largest companies in its sector, weighted by market value) is measured as a ratio against SPY. SPY is the SPDR S&P 500 ETF, the broadest large-cap US benchmark: every dollar that goes into SPY is implicitly bought across all 500 names, weighted by market value. SPY itself returned +26.1% over the window, so the bar for any sector to be "outperforming" is steep. A rising ratio means the sector is winning capital relative to the market. A falling ratio means it is losing capital relative to the market. Range position tells you where today's value sits inside the year's high-to-low band (0% means at the year's low, 100% means at the year's high).

Only two of eleven sectors cleared SPY's bar. XLK (Technology) at +19.7% is the lone aggressive winner. Tech's absolute return of +50.9% nearly doubled the index. XLE (Energy) is a distant second at +6.8%. Everything else lost ground vs SPY, which means the rally was extraordinarily narrow and was carried almost entirely by mega-cap tech.

Classic defensives capitulated. Capitulation here means the last holders give up and sell into the weakness, which usually marks a near-term low because nobody is left to sell. XLU (utilities, the bond-proxy sector whose share prices behave like long-duration Treasuries) is at -12.5%. XLP (consumer staples) is at -17.2%. XLRE (real estate, holding rate-sensitive Real Estate Investment Trusts whose dividends fall in relative value when bond yields rise) is at -15.5%. Investors did not want bond-proxies in a risk-on tape. Worst of all is XLF (financials) at -21.1%. Banks could not keep up despite a strong market.

Direction matters. XLK is still accelerating: its 1-month change (+11.8%) is running faster than its 1-year pace, which means the tech bid is intensifying rather than fading. Conversely XLE has flipped negative on 3-month and 1-month despite its positive 1-year. Energy leadership is rolling over right now, a rotation-in-progress signal.

Range positioning tells. Range position is where today's ratio sits inside the 1-year high-to-low band. Above 90% means near the high (still strengthening). Below 10% means near the low (capitulation, possible inflection point if the trend reverses). XLK at 94.7% is pinned to its 1-year high with positive 1-month direction, so no top is visible yet. XLU, XLY, and XLF all sit at literal 0.0% range position, meaning their ratios versus SPY are at 1-year lows with 1-month still negative. That is capitulation. The inflection has not yet occurred.

Regime readHyper-narrow tech-led melt-up with broad defensive and financial capitulation. Late-cycle momentum regime, not yet rotating.

PairRead 1y3m1m Range1y sparkline
XLK/SPYTechnology+19.6%+15.3%+11.8%
XLE/SPYEnergy+6.8%-2.3%-3.6%
XLI/SPYIndustrials-3.1%-7.4%-6.3%
XLB/SPYMaterials-4.2%-9.5%-6.4%
XLC/SPYCommunication Services-8.4%-6.8%-6.3%
XLV/SPYHealthcare-10.8%-12.5%-7.8%
XLU/SPYUtilities-12.5%-6.6%-10.1%
XLY/SPYConsumer Discretionary-12.7%-6.0%-4.6%
XLRE/SPYReal Estate-15.5%-3.7%-4.8%
XLP/SPYConsumer Staples-17.2%-10.7%-2.7%
XLF/SPYFinancials-21.1%-9.9%-7.9%

B

Risk-on vs Risk-off

Six classic pairs that diagnose appetite, breadth, and style

6 pairs · 1y window

Six diagnostic ratio pairs. XLY/XLP (cyclical sectors vs defensive sectors) is the headline appetite gauge. Discretionary spending (XLY, restaurants, cars, hotels, online retail) outperforms consumer staples (XLP, toothpaste, soap, groceries) when households feel confident enough to spend on wants rather than just needs. XLK/XLU contrasts tech with utilities. Utilities are a bond-proxy sector, meaning their share prices behave like long-dated Treasury bonds: regulated utility revenue and dividends are stable and predictable, so investors price them off the prevailing 10-year and 30-year bond yield. When yields fall, both bonds and utility shares rally. When yields rise, both fall. IWM/SPY is small-caps vs large. Small caps lead in genuine risk-on tape because investors will only own riskier, less-liquid names when they are confident. IWF/IWD is growth-style stocks vs value-style stocks. RSP/SPY is the market-breadth gauge. RSP equal-weights every S&P 500 name (every company is held in equal proportion regardless of size), so when it lags cap-weighted SPY (where bigger companies count more), the index gains are concentrated in a few mega-cap names doing all the work. MTUM/USMV contrasts momentum-chasing (buy whatever is going up) with low-volatility defensiveness (buy whatever has been quietest).

The surface tape screams risk-on. XLK/XLU (tech vs the utility bond-proxy) is pinned at the 1-year high, at 100% range position, with +36.8% on the year. MTUM/USMV (momentum-chasing names vs low-volatility names) sits at the 97.5th percentile of its 1-year band with +31.5%. Both are at extremes.

But the cleaner gauges disagree. XLY/XLP, the headline cyclicals-vs-defensives signal, is only +5.5% on the year, sitting mid-range (36.7% of its band), and crucially has rolled over to -2.0% in the last month after a +5.2% three-month run. The consumer-discretionary trade is rolling over. That is the classic late-cycle topping signature: investors stop paying up for cars, hotels, and online retail and start defending cash flows in toothpaste and groceries.

Breadth is awful. Market breadth is the share of stocks participating in a rally; healthy breadth means most names go up together. RSP/SPY sits at the absolute 1-year low (range position 0.0%) and is still bleeding -4.9% on the month. RSP equal-weights all 500 S&P names (every company counts the same), so when it lags cap-weighted SPY (where bigger companies count more) this hard, the index gains are concentrated in a narrow cohort of mega-cap names. The entire risk-on signal is being carried by that cohort.

IWF/IWD (large-cap growth-style stocks vs large-cap value-style stocks) is dead flat on the year (+0.1%) but quietly turning up over the last 3 months (+4.0%). That is a late-stage mega-cap-growth squeeze, not a durable trend reversal. IWM/SPY (small caps vs the S&P 500) rallied for most of the year (+8.0%, range pos 76.5%) but has stalled and reversed (-1.6% on the month).

Regime readRisk-on by index optics, but it is a narrow mega-cap-tech-and-momentum trade. Breadth, small caps, and the XLY/XLP cyclical gauge are all turning defensive underneath.

PairRead 1y3m1m Range1y sparkline
XLK/XLUTech vs bond-proxy+36.8%+23.5%+24.4%
MTUM/USMVMomentum vs Low Vol+31.5%+21.9%+12.2%
IWM/SPYSmall caps vs S&P+8.0%-0.5%-1.6%
XLY/XLPCyclicals vs Defensives+5.5%+5.2%-2.0%
IWF/IWDGrowth vs Value+0.1%+4.0%+3.4%
RSP/SPYEqual weight vs cap weight (breadth)-9.7%-7.0%-4.9%

C

Sub-sector rotation

Sixteen industry ETFs measured against their parent sector

16 pairs · 1y window

These ratios reveal what is leading inside each sector. Even sectors that look weak in Group A can have hot internal rotations. SMH and IGV inside Tech (semiconductors vs software); XBI, IHI, IHF inside Healthcare (biotech, medical devices, healthcare service providers); KRE, KBE, KIE, IAI inside Financials (regional banks, all-banks, insurance, broker-dealers and exchanges); ITB and XRT inside Discretionary; JETS and IYT inside Industrials; XOP and OIH inside Energy; GDX inside Materials. The rotations within sectors often run earlier and harder than the parent sector itself.

Tech. Complete divergence inside the sector. SMH/XLK (semiconductors vs broad tech) is ripping +53.5% on the year, at 99.8% of its 1-year range, still accelerating +5.9% on the month. IGV/XLK (software vs tech) is at 0% of range, -43.7% on the year, still falling. Software's absolute return is -15.1% while XLK as a whole is +50.9%. The entire XLK return is silicon, not Software-as-a-Service. The gap is widening, not narrowing.

Healthcare. Three-way story but two of the three are surging. XBI/XLV (biotech vs healthcare) at +55.7%, range pos 94% (XBI absolute return +75%) is classic risk-on small-cap healthcare leadership (XBI equal-weights its biotech holdings so it skews to smaller, riskier names). IHF/XLV (healthcare service providers, mostly managed-care insurers like UnitedHealth and Elevance, vs healthcare overall) is the freshest mover: flat on 1 year but +17.4% in just the last month, at 86% of range. Sharp rotation into managed care. IHI/XLV (medical devices) is the loser, -30.5% on the year, at 0% of range, still bleeding. The rotation is out of devices and into biotech plus providers.

Financials. IAI/XLF (broker-dealers and exchanges, the firms that earn fees from trading, IPOs, and mergers, vs financials overall) is the standout. +16.2% at 99.9% of range, still climbing +3.2% on the month. Capital-markets activity (initial public offerings, mergers and acquisitions, trading-desk volume) is white-hot. KRE/XLF (regional banks) is +14.0% and KBE/XLF (all banks, regional plus mega-bank) is +12.8%. KRE slightly leads KBE, which means regional banks are participating in the bank rally rather than just the mega-banks carrying the index. KIE/XLF (insurance) is the laggard at -5.1%. Note: XLF itself is the worst-performing sector vs SPY in Group A, yet its sub-sectors are nearly all positive. The headline financials weakness is real but the internal picture is constructive.

Discretionary. Both sub-ETFs underperform XLY. ITB/XLY (homebuilders) is at 0% of range, -13.6% on the year, -21.8% on 3 months, -8.7% on 1 month. Housing is in active breakdown. XRT/XLY (retail) at 2.7% of range, -4.1% on the year. XLY's modest absolute gains are coming from mega-cap names (Amazon and Tesla dominate the ETF), not the cyclical sub-industries.

Industrials. Both subs trail XLI (which is +22.1% absolute). IYT/XLI (transportation, the rails and truckers and parcel carriers that move goods) is -4.1% on the year, stabilizing on 1 month. JETS/XLI (passenger airlines) is the weaker leg, -11.9% on 3 months, at 12% of range. Travel demand is fading versus the broader industrials story (defence, aerospace, capital-equipment spending).

Energy. OIH/XLE measures oil services (the firms that drill the wells, manufacture the equipment, and provide the technology to oil companies, the picks-and-shovels of the upstream oil business) versus energy overall. +41.9% on the year, at 94% of range, still climbing +5.4% on the month. XOP/XLE (oil-and-gas exploration and production, the upstream companies that own the wells and produce the oil) is roughly in line with energy as a whole: -0.4% on 1 year but recently turning to +7.7% on 3 months. The capital-spending (capex) theme is decisively beating pure production.

Materials. GDX/XLB (gold miners inside the broader materials sector) is +71.3% on the year. GDX's absolute return is +107% (operating leverage to gold: the gold price moved +44% over the year, but because mining costs are fixed, almost all of the price move falls to miner profit). But the ratio is at 66% of range and cooling (-6.5% on 3 months, -4.6% on 1 month). Gold-miner dominance was the materials trade, but the flight-to-safety bid is now easing.

Internal rotation readRisk-on at the extremes: semiconductors, biotech, capital markets, oil services, and (newly) healthcare providers are leading. Software, medical devices, homebuilders, airlines, and gold miners are the rotation-out trades.

PairRead 1y3m1m Range1y sparkline
GDX/XLBGold Miners vs Materials+71.3%-6.5%-4.6%
XBI/XLVBiotech vs Healthcare+55.7%+16.1%+1.5%
SMH/XLKSemis vs Tech+53.5%+11.6%+5.9%
OIH/XLEOil Services vs Energy+41.9%+9.4%+5.4%
IAI/XLFBroker Dealers vs Financials+16.2%+7.8%+3.2%
KRE/XLFRegional Banks vs Financials+14.0%-3.3%-1.6%
KBE/XLFBanks vs Financials+12.8%-2.8%-1.0%
XOP/XLEOil E&P vs Energy-0.4%+7.7%+0.0%
IHF/XLVHealthcare Services vs Healthcare-1.4%+21.2%+17.4%
XRT/XLYRetail vs Discretionary-4.0%-9.4%-6.5%
IYT/XLITransports vs Industrials-4.1%-2.3%-0.1%
JETS/XLIAirlines vs Industrials-4.9%-11.9%-3.2%
KIE/XLFInsurance vs Financials-5.1%-0.3%-0.4%
ITB/XLYHomebuilders vs Discretionary-13.6%-21.8%-8.7%
IHI/XLVMed Devices vs Healthcare-30.5%-11.9%-9.5%
IGV/XLKSoftware vs Tech-43.7%-13.9%-6.7%

D

Thematic and secular

Eight secular themes measured against their natural benchmark

8 pairs · 1y window

Where the long-running theme money is flowing. Three buckets. AI and Innovation: ARKK/SPY, BOTZ/SMH, HACK/IGV (Cathie Wood's disruptive-innovation fund vs the index, AI and robotics ETF vs raw semiconductors, cybersecurity vs broad software). Energy transition: TAN (solar), ICLN (clean energy), URA (uranium), each measured against XLE (traditional fossil fuel energy). Critical materials and China: LIT (lithium and battery materials) vs XLB (broad materials), KWEB (China internet) vs EEM (broad emerging markets).

AI and Innovation complex. The winner is cybersecurity: HACK/IGV is +24.7% on the year at 88.8% of range. HACK's absolute return is only +5.8%, but IGV (the broad software ETF) is at -15.1%, so this is a "cyber holds, software cracks" story. The +4.0% on the month says it is still rotating in HACK's favour right now.

ARKK/SPY measures Cathie Wood's flagship Disruptive Innovation fund against SPY. ARKK is what is called a high-beta fund, concentrating in unprofitable growth names. Beta here is just how much a fund moves when the market moves: a beta of 1 means it moves in step with SPY, a beta of 2 means it moves twice as much. ARKK has a beta of 2.26 versus SPY, so when SPY moves 1%, ARKK tends to move 2.26%. The ratio is +9.1% on the year but -2.4% in the last month. ARKK's absolute +37.6% is real, but it is now losing to SPY on the recent horizon.

The big loser is BOTZ/SMH at -42.1%, 1.8% of range, -10.2% on the month. BOTZ (Global X Robotics and AI ETF, holding mostly industrial-automation companies) gained +34% absolute, but SMH (the pure semiconductor basket) ripped +131.6%. The AI trade is the chips themselves, not the thematic ETF. If you wanted exposure to AI through a packaged robotics-and-AI fund, you lost. If you owned the chips directly, you doubled.

Energy transition. All three transition themes beat XLE on the year, but they diverge sharply now. TAN/XLE (solar manufacturers and developers vs traditional energy) is the live leader at +32.9% on 1 year, +12.2% on 1 month, range 85.4%. TAN is heavily rate-sensitive because solar projects are debt-financed: the chain is bond yields fall → the cost of financing solar projects falls → solar developer economics improve → TAN rallies before any change in earnings actually shows up. So the late-cycle yield drop is doing the work. ICLN/XLE (broad clean energy) follows at +26.3% on 1 year, +7.7% on 1 month. URA/XLE leads on 1-year absolute (+41.4%, URA absolute +90.3%, the uranium and nuclear-renaissance trade) but is the only one rolling over: -5.3% on 3 months, -2.1% on 1 month. The uranium trade is digesting. Solar is taking the baton.

Critical materials and China. LIT/XLB is the trade of the year: +91.4% on 1 year, 96.5% of range, still +11.1% on the month. LIT (lithium miners plus battery-materials companies) doubled (+131% absolute) while XLB (broad materials) did +20.8%. Electric-vehicle and battery-supply scarcity is back as a market theme. KWEB/EEM (China internet, Alibaba, Tencent, Meituan, PDD, vs broad emerging markets) is at -39.1%, 5.5% of range. KWEB lost 10.8% absolute while EEM gained +46.6%. China internet is being abandoned inside emerging markets.

Thematic readCapital is flowing into the hard-asset plumbing of the energy transition (lithium, solar, clean energy) and into cybersecurity. AI and robotics baskets, ARKK-style innovation, and China internet are all being left for dead in favour of the underlying chips, the S&P itself, and broad emerging markets ex-China.

PairRead 1y3m1m Range1y sparkline
LIT/XLBLithium vs Materials+91.4%+25.1%+11.1%
URA/XLEUranium vs Energy+41.4%-5.3%-2.1%
TAN/XLESolar vs Energy+32.9%+4.3%+12.2%
ICLN/XLEClean Energy vs Energy+26.3%+9.6%+7.7%
HACK/IGVCybersecurity vs Software+24.7%+3.9%+4.0%
ARKK/SPYDisruptive Innovation+9.1%+2.7%-2.4%
KWEB/EEMChina Internet vs EM-39.1%-17.8%-3.5%
BOTZ/SMHAI/Robotics vs Semis-42.1%-20.9%-10.2%

E

Credit and duration

Four fixed-income ratios that read the bond market

4 pairs · 1y window

HYG/LQD is the credit-spread proxy. HYG holds junk bonds: corporate debt rated below investment-grade, paying higher coupons to compensate investors for taking on default risk. LQD holds investment-grade corporates: safer, lower-yielding, mostly the big blue-chip companies. When HYG outperforms, investors are bidding junk over investment-grade, so credit spreads are tightening and the market is risk-on. When LQD outperforms, the bid is flight-to-quality, spreads are widening, and that often runs a few weeks ahead of equity stress. TLT/IEF compares 20-year-plus Treasury bonds (TLT) to 7-to-10 year Treasury bonds (IEF). TLT rising faster than IEF is called bull-flattening (the long end of the curve rallies harder than the middle, often on growth fear or rate-cut anticipation). TLT falling harder than IEF is bear-steepening (the long end sells off harder, usually because investors demand more compensation for tying their money up that long). HYG/TLT and LQD/TLT compare credit (taking corporate default risk) with duration (taking interest-rate risk on Treasuries). When credit outperforms duration, investors prefer yield from credit over yield from rates.

Credit appetite. HYG/LQD is the credit-spread proxy. A credit spread is the extra yield that risky corporate bonds pay over safe US Treasuries. When spreads tighten (junk yields fall toward Treasury yields), the market is risk-on. When spreads widen (junk yields rise above Treasuries), the market is risk-off. HYG holds junk bonds (corporate debt rated below investment grade, BB and lower, paying higher coupons to compensate investors for the higher chance the issuer defaults). LQD holds investment-grade corporates (safer than HYG, riskier than Treasuries). The ratio is -0.8% on the year (a modest credit-spread widening, which often runs ahead of equity stress by a few weeks), but +0.8% on 3 months and +0.5% on 1 month. The short-term direction is contradicting the 1-year read. Spreads have been tightening recently. Credit-risk-on regime has returned over the past quarter, even though it has not yet erased the full-year wound.

Curve shape. TLT/IEF sits at 6.2% of its 1-year range, essentially pinned at the lows. TLT is the iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF (long-duration government bonds). IEF is the iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF (intermediate-duration government bonds). Duration here means how much a bond's price moves when interest rates change: longer-maturity bonds have higher duration so they swing more for any given yield move. The 10-year has outperformed the 20-year across every window (1 year, 3 months, 1 month all negative on TLT/IEF). This is bear-steepening: the long end of the yield curve sells off harder than the middle, which steepens the curve, but for a worrying reason. The chain is investors demand more compensation (term premium) for tying their money up for 20 or 30 years → long bonds sell off → long yields rise faster than middle yields → the curve steepens. The motivation is usually inflation worries, large Treasury issuance to fund deficits, or generic uncertainty about the future. If the opposite were happening (TLT leading IEF), the curve would be bull-flattening: long bonds rallying harder on growth fear or expected rate cuts.

Cross-asset implications. Both HYG/TLT and LQD/TLT sit at 100% of their 1-year range. Both forms of credit (junk and investment-grade) are beating long-duration Treasuries. Investors want yield from corporate-default risk (credit), not yield from interest-rate risk on government bonds (duration). The classic recession hedge of owning long Treasuries is being abandoned.

Credit readThe bond market is confirming risk-on equity flows on the short-term horizon (credit spreads tightening, duration shunned), but the year-long bear-steepening of the Treasury curve is a quiet warning. The marginal buyer of long bonds is demanding more term premium, which means inflation worries or fiscal worries are running underneath the risk-on tape.

PairRead 1y3m1m Range1y sparkline
LQD/TLTIG vs Duration+3.1%+1.9%+1.6%
HYG/TLTCredit vs Duration+2.3%+2.7%+2.1%
HYG/LQDHigh Yield vs IG (credit spread)-0.8%+0.8%+0.5%
TLT/IEF20y vs 10y (curve proxy)-1.8%-1.7%-1.2%

F

Flight to safety

Five pairs that test whether the hedge bid is fear or reflation

5 pairs · 1y window

SPY/TLT is the cleanest stocks-vs-bonds read. Rising means equity bid. Falling means bond bid, usually because investors are pricing in either a recession or imminent Fed rate cuts. GLD/SPY rising means gold is being hedged even while stocks rally, a debasement signal (debasement here means the purchasing power of the dollar is eroding, so people want a hard asset instead of paper). GDX/GLD measures gold-miner operating leverage. Operating leverage just means that when most of a company's costs are fixed, a small revenue move flows almost entirely to profit. A gold miner's revenue is the gold price; the mining cost (digging the dirt, refining the ore, paying labour) is roughly fixed. So a 44% gold-price move can deliver a 100%-plus move in miner earnings and miner equity. If GDX outpaces GLD, the gold trade has equity-style speculative conviction. If miners lag gold, the bid is purely defensive store-of-value. GLD/SLV is the classic gold-silver ratio. Silver is gold's industrial cousin: roughly half of silver demand is solar panels and electronics, while gold demand is mostly jewellery and central bank reserves. When fear dominates, gold leads silver and the ratio rises. When industrial demand or reflation dominates, silver leads gold and the ratio falls.

Underlying absolute moves over the year: GLD +44.5%, SPY +26.1%, SLV +168%, GDX +107%, TLT -1.1%. Everything risk-on and hedge-on rallied. Only long Treasuries got left behind.

Tickers in plain English. GLD is SPDR Gold Shares, which actually owns physical gold bullion in a vault. SLV is iShares Silver Trust, which actually owns physical silver. Silver is gold's industrial cousin: roughly half of silver demand is solar panels and electronics, while gold demand is mostly jewellery and central bank reserves. GDX is VanEck Gold Miners ETF, which holds the equity (the shares) of gold-producing companies. TLT is the 20+ year Treasury ETF, the long-duration government-bond safe haven.

SPY/TLT at the 1-year high (range 100%), +27.5% over the year and still accelerating (+11.4% on 3 months, +9.9% on 1 month). Equities are crushing bonds. Capital is fleeing duration, not seeking it. This is not a recession-fear tape.

GLD/SPY is +14.6% on the year (gold beat stocks), but the last quarter reversed sharply (-14.2% on 3 months, -9.5% on 1 month, range 44%). The hedge bid was real in the first half of the window but has been unwinding into the equity melt-up. Gold is not being bought as a panic hedge right now. It is being sold down relative to risk.

GDX/GLD is +43.2% at 81% of range. GDX +107% vs GLD +44.5%, so miners delivered roughly 2.4 times gold's move. That is operating leverage in action: a miner's profit margin equals the gold price minus the (roughly fixed) cost of pulling the metal out of the ground, so a 44% gold-price move flows almost entirely to profit. The fact that GDX outpaced GLD by this much means the gold trade has equity-style speculative conviction attached to it, not pure defensive store-of-value buying.

GLD/SLV is -46.1% on the year, 14% of range, still falling hard (-12.2% on the month). Silver (+168%) ran 3.8 times gold over the year. This is the textbook pro-cyclical / debasement / inflation signature: when fear dominates, gold leads silver and the ratio rises. When reflation or industrial demand dominates, silver leads gold (because of its electronics and solar exposure) and the ratio collapses. It just collapsed.

Safety readHedge flows are pro-cyclical debasement, not defensive fear. Metals are rallying as a reflation and anti-fiat trade in lockstep with risk assets, while the classic safe haven (long bonds) is being liquidated.

PairRead 1y3m1m Range1y sparkline
GLD/TLTGold vs Bonds+46.2%-4.4%-0.5%
GDX/GLDMiners leverage to Gold+43.2%-1.4%-1.2%
SPY/TLTStocks vs Bonds+27.5%+11.4%+9.9%
GLD/SPYGold vs Stocks+14.6%-14.2%-9.5%
GLD/SLVGold/Silver ratio-46.1%-11.2%-12.2%

G

Dollar and commodities

Three pairs that locate the dollar and read Dr Copper

3 pairs · 1y window

UUP is the Invesco DB US Dollar Bullish ETF. It tracks DXY, the US Dollar Index, which measures the US dollar's value against a basket of six major currencies (euro, Japanese yen, British pound, Canadian dollar, Swedish krona, Swiss franc), weighted by trade importance. UUP/GLD measures the dollar's real purchasing power against gold. Falling means debasement: the dollar buys less gold over time. UUP/SPY reads the dollar as a haven. It rises in equity drawdowns when the world flees to dollar cash; it falls when investors instead borrow cheap dollars to buy risk assets (in that mode the dollar is the funding currency, not the haven). COPX/GDX is copper miners vs gold miners. Copper is nicknamed "Dr Copper" because copper demand tracks industrial activity in real time. Copper goes into wiring (housing), motors (electric vehicles), grid infrastructure, and AI data centres. When copper miners outperform gold miners, the industrial cycle is expanding.

UUP/GLD collapsed -31.5% on the year. UUP was -1% while GLD was +44.5%. That is a textbook debasement signal: the dollar is losing real purchasing power as global capital flees into the monetary hedge (gold). But the 3-month has flipped sharply positive (+11.4%) and the 1-month is still +4.1%, with range position at 25%. Gold's parabolic move is cooling and the dollar is stabilising off its lows. The structural trend is still down. A tactical bounce is on.

UUP/SPY is at 0.6% of its 1-year range, essentially pinned to the 1-year low. -21.5% on the year and crucially still falling (-4.4% on 3 months, -5.8% on 1 month). No flip. The dollar is being actively sold to fund risk-asset purchases. That is classic late-cycle risk-on flow: investors borrow cheap dollars to buy stocks, gold, and foreign assets, which weakens the dollar further. There is no flight-to-safety bid anywhere. The dollar is the funding leg of the melt-up, not a haven.

COPX/GDX is at 100% of 1-year range, +10.6% on 1 year, still accelerating (+12.3% on 3 months, +11.3% on 1 month). Copper miners +129% versus gold miners +107% on the year: both ripping, but Dr Copper (the market's nickname for copper, because copper demand tracks real industrial activity) is now leading. That is a pro-cyclical, growth-on confirmation.

Macro readWeak dollar plus copper leading gold equals a global cycle in pro-cyclical growth-on mode. The dollar is acting as the funding leg for risk assets, not as a haven.

PairRead 1y3m1m Range1y sparkline
COPX/GDXCopper miners vs Gold miners (risk-on)+10.6%+12.3%+11.3%
UUP/SPYDollar vs Stocks-21.5%-4.4%-5.8%
UUP/GLDDollar vs Gold-31.5%+11.4%+4.1%

H

International rotation

Four region ratios that locate the US relative to the rest of the world

4 pairs · 1y window

EEM/SPY measures broad emerging markets against the US. EEM is the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF, with heavy weights in China, India, Taiwan, Korea, and Brazil. EFA/SPY measures developed markets outside the US. EFA is iShares MSCI EAFE (Europe, Australasia, Far East), holding the big developed-market companies that are not US-listed. FXI/SPY isolates Chinese large-caps specifically, which lets us tell whether broad EM strength is China-driven or non-China-driven. EWJ/SPY isolates Japan. EWJ is dollar-denominated but the underlying companies report in yen, so its performance depends on the USD/JPY exchange rate as well as Japanese earnings. A rising ratio means the region is winning capital relative to the US.

EEM/SPY is the only region decisively beating SPY. EEM (broad emerging markets, weighted heavily toward China, India, Taiwan, Korea, and Brazil) returned +46.6% vs SPY's +26.1%, so the ratio is +16.3% on 1 year, parked near its 1-year high (89.9% of range) and still grinding up (+1.0% on 1 month, +1.8% on 3 months). That is a classic global-cycle-on, softer-dollar tape. But as the next paragraph shows, this is not a China story.

EFA/SPY failed the hurdle. EFA (developed-market equities outside the US: Western Europe, Australia, Japan, Hong Kong, etc.) returned +21.4% vs SPY's +26.1%, so the ratio is -3.8% on 1 year. Worse, it has rolled hard: -7.8% on 3 months, -6.3% on 1 month, sitting near 1-year lows (10% of range). Europe and developed Asia were a 2025 darling. That trade has been unwinding sharply.

FXI/SPY is the year's worst international loser. FXI (China large-cap) returned +8.5% vs SPY's +26.1%, so the ratio is -13.9%. The ratio is pinned near its 1-year low at 8.8% of range. The regression of FXI's daily returns on SPY's daily returns produces a negative alpha of -0.051. Alpha here is the constant term from that regression: it is what FXI returns when SPY returns zero. A negative alpha means FXI structurally underperforms SPY even after adjusting for how much it moves with SPY (its beta). Investors are not coming back to China.

EWJ/SPY barely cleared SPY for the full year (EWJ +29.8% vs SPY +26.1%, ratio +2.9%) but has given it back: -7.7% on 3 months, -2.6% on 1 month. The reflation and corporate-reform thesis that drove Japan worked into early 2026 and is now rolling over, likely yen-driven (a weakening yen lifts Japanese exporter earnings in local terms but hurts the dollar-denominated ETF).

The EEM win paired with the FXI loss is the tell. This is the textbook "EM-ex-China" trade: India, Taiwan, Korea, and Brazil are carrying EEM while its single largest country weight (China) bleeds. EFA and EWJ have both flipped negative on 3 months and 1 month despite better 1-year prints, which is a fresh rotation back into US large-cap.

International readThe US is still receiving the marginal global dollar versus Europe, Japan, and China. But it is losing it to emerging Asia ex-China, where EEM has decisively broken out and is the only international bet currently working.

PairRead 1y3m1m Range1y sparkline
EEM/SPYEM vs US+16.3%+1.8%+1.0%
EWJ/SPYJapan vs US+2.9%-7.7%-2.6%
EFA/SPYDeveloped Intl vs US-3.8%-7.8%-6.3%
FXI/SPYChina Large Cap vs US-13.9%-9.6%-3.0%
The Unified Picture

A narrow, late-stage, AI-and-debasement melt-up, funded by a falling dollar.

The marginal capital flow over the past year went into mega-cap semiconductors (the direct AI plumbing, the actual chips that run AI models) and into hard assets that benefit from a weakening dollar (silver, gold miners, lithium, copper). Software ETFs were left behind by their own chips. AI and robotics ETF baskets were demolished by raw semiconductors. China internet was abandoned inside an otherwise bid emerging-markets complex. Risk-on by index optics, defensive by breadth.

The supporting evidence is consistent across asset classes. Credit has been tightening for three months: junk corporates (HYG) are beating investment-grade corporates (LQD) again, even as the year-long bear-steepening of the Treasury curve quietly warns that the marginal buyer of long bonds is demanding more term premium (extra yield for tying money up that long). Commodities are confirming pro-cyclical industrial growth: copper miners are leading gold miners (COPX/GDX at 100% of range), and silver is crushing gold (GLD/SLV at 14% of range, the textbook reflation and debasement signature). FX is on the same page: the dollar versus SPY is at its 1-year low and still falling. The US Dollar is the funding leg, not a haven.

The yellow flags are clear. The S&P's gains are concentrated in a narrow cohort: equal-weight RSP is at its 1-year low versus cap-weighted SPY, the cleanest read on market breadth available. The classic cyclicals-vs-defensives gauge (XLY/XLP) has rolled over on a 1-month basis even though it remains positive over 1 year: the late-cycle topping signature. Small caps have stalled. Defensives, financials, and consumer discretionary sit at literal 1-year lows on their SPY ratios. They are capitulated, but not yet inflected (the trend has not yet reversed).

The single cleanest summary: if you owned mega-cap chips, lithium, silver, gold miners, biotech, broker-dealers, and oil services, and you shorted long bonds, the dollar, China, defensives, software ETFs, and AI and robotics baskets, you had the year of your life. If you owned a balanced market-cap-weighted portfolio, you had the SPY benchmark, dominated by a handful of trillion-dollar names doing all the work.

Breadth collapseRSP/SPY at literal 1-year low (0% of range). The rally is being carried by a few mega-caps.
Cyclical signal crackingXLY/XLP rolled over to -2.0% on 1 month even though the 1-year is still positive.
Term premium creeping inTLT/IEF at 6.2% of range. Bear-steepening means inflation or fiscal concern.
Capitulation, not inflectionXLU, XLY, XLF all sit at 0% of range vs SPY, capitulated but still falling.
Small caps stallingIWM/SPY at -1.6% on 1 month after +8.0% on 1 year. Breadth is narrowing in real time.

Pair Trades the Data is Signaling

Five long-short reads where the ratio direction, range position and momentum all line up. Not advice; signals.

SMH/IGV
Semis still beating software. Within tech, the entire 1-year XLK return is silicon, not Software-as-a-Service. SMH is +5.9% on 1 month at 99.8% of range. IGV is at 0% of range and still falling.
Long-short pair, same parent (XLK)
IHF/IHI
Managed care rotating in, devices rotating out. IHF is +17.4% in just the last month at 86% of range. IHI is at 0% of range and still bleeding. Fresh divergence inside healthcare.
Long-short pair, same sector (XLV)
COPX/GDX
Industrial cycle confirming over fear. Copper miners are now leading gold miners (+11.3% on 1 month, 100% of range). Dr Copper is confirming pro-cyclical industrial expansion.
Long-short pair, commodity equities
EEM/FXI
EM ex-China is the only working international bet. EEM beats SPY by +16.3%, FXI lags SPY by -13.9%. The pair cleanly isolates India, Taiwan, Korea, and Brazil from China.
Long-short pair, regional
TAN/URA
Solar taking the energy-transition baton. TAN is +12.2% on the month at 85% of range, accelerating. URA is at 40% of range, rolling over (-2.1% on 1 month). Solar is the live leader. Uranium is digesting.
Long-short pair, within energy transition

Methodology

Universe
63 unique US-listed ETFs. The breakdown: the 11 SPDR Select sector ETFs, 19 industry and sub-sector ETFs, 12 thematic and secular ETFs, 10 style and size factors, 8 macro and risk-off vehicles, and 5 international wrappers.
Pairs
57 ratio pairs organised into eight analytical groups (sectors vs SPY, risk-on vs risk-off, sub-sector vs parent sector, thematic, credit and duration, flight-to-safety, dollar and commodities, international rotation). Every pair was chosen because it has a defensible directional interpretation, not because it produced a clean backtest.
Window
2025-05-14 to 2026-05-14 (1 year, roughly 250 trading days).
Data source
Godel Terminal Ratio Analysis API (the endpoint /api/v1/ratio-analysis), called through the local reverse-engineered client at ~/scripts/godel_ratio_api/. Each pair returned: the price series for both legs (the Y "buy" leg and the X "sell" leg), the daily ratio Y divided by X, a rolling 120-day Pearson correlation (Pearson correlation is a number from -1 to +1 measuring how closely two series move together: +1 means perfectly in step, -1 means perfectly opposite, 0 means unrelated), and an OLS regression of Y returns on X returns. OLS stands for Ordinary Least Squares, the standard method of fitting a straight line through a cloud of data points by minimising the sum of squared vertical distances from each point to the line. The regression produces: beta (slope), alpha (intercept), R-squared (the fraction of Y's variation explained by X), t-statistic, and a binary significance flag.
Metric definitions
Range position equals (current value minus 1-year low) divided by (1-year high minus 1-year low), times 100. 1-year, 3-month, 1-month percent changes are measured from roughly 252, 63, and 21 trading days back to today, respectively. Pearson rolling correlation uses a 120-day window.
Colour discipline
Forest green only on positive numbers. Oxide red only on negative numbers. Neutral cream for the dashboard chrome. No gradients, no rainbow scales. The heatmap uses a single dimension (cream to forest for positive, cream to oxide for negative) with intensity capped at plus or minus 60 percent.
Reproducibility
Re-run with cd ~/scripts/godel_ratio_api && .venv/bin/python sector_rotation_2026_05/pull_all.py (around 13 seconds on a warm cookie cache). Then compute_metrics.py rebuilds the metrics file and build_report.py rebuilds this HTML.
Offline-safe
This file is fully self-contained. All 57 pairs' timeseries are embedded inline as JavaScript constants. There are no <link> tags to external fonts or stylesheets, no CDN scripts, no fetches at runtime. Storage APIs are wrapped in try/catch blocks to survive iOS Safari's file:// restriction.

Glossary

Every ticker and term used above, decoded. Inline first-use explanations are still the primary read; this is the lookup table.

ARKK
ARK Innovation ETF. Cathie Wood's flagship disruptive-innovation fund. High-beta basket of unprofitable growth names (genomics, fintech, autonomous, AI, robotics). β ≈ 2.26x vs SPY.
BOTZ
Global X Robotics & Artificial Intelligence ETF. Equities in industrial automation, robotics, and AI. Less semis-heavy than SMH.
COPX
Global X Copper Miners ETF. Equities of copper-mining firms. Levered to copper demand (housing, EVs, the grid, AI datacenters).
EEM
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF. Heavy weights: China, India, Taiwan, Korea, Brazil. Broad EM exposure.
EFA
iShares MSCI EAFE. Europe, Australasia, Far East. Developed equities ex-US and ex-Canada.
EWJ
iShares MSCI Japan. Yen-denominated underlying, dollar-quoted ETF. Sensitive to the USD/JPY cross.
FINX
Global X FinTech ETF. Payments processors, exchanges, fintech platforms.
FXI
iShares China Large-Cap ETF. Concentrated mainland and Hong Kong mega-caps. The cleanest pure-China equity bet.
GDX
VanEck Gold Miners ETF. Equities of senior gold producers. Levered to gold price minus fixed mining costs.
GDXJ
VanEck Junior Gold Miners. Smaller, higher-risk gold-mining names.
GLD
SPDR Gold Shares. Holds physical gold bullion.
HACK
ETFMG Prime Cyber Security ETF. Cybersecurity software and services.
HYG
iShares iBoxx High Yield Corporate Bond ETF. Junk-rated corporate debt (BB and lower). Higher coupon, higher default risk.
IAI
iShares US Broker-Dealers & Securities Exchanges ETF. Investment banks, exchanges, asset managers.
IBB
iShares Biotechnology ETF. Cap-weighted biotech, dominated by large incumbents.
IBUY
Amplify Online Retail ETF. E-commerce, marketplaces, online travel.
ICLN
iShares Global Clean Energy ETF. Solar, wind, hydro, batteries.
IEF
iShares 7 to 10 Year Treasury Bond ETF. Intermediate-duration government bonds.
IGV
iShares Expanded Tech-Software ETF. Broad software-and-cloud basket.
IHF
iShares US Healthcare Providers. Managed-care insurers (UnitedHealth, Elevance, Humana, etc.).
IHI
iShares US Medical Devices. Device makers (J&J, Medtronic, Abbott, Boston Scientific).
INDA
iShares MSCI India. Large-cap Indian equities.
IPAY
Amplify Mobile Payments. Payment networks and fintech rails.
ITB
iShares US Home Construction. Homebuilders, building products.
IWD
iShares Russell 1000 Value. Large-cap value names.
IWF
iShares Russell 1000 Growth. Large-cap growth names.
IWM
iShares Russell 2000. Small-cap broad-market index.
IYT
iShares Transportation Average. Rails, truckers, parcel carriers, airlines.
JETS
US Global Jets ETF. Passenger airlines and adjacent travel.
KBE
SPDR S&P Bank ETF. Equal-weighted commercial banks (regional + diversified).
KIE
SPDR S&P Insurance ETF. Life, P&C, brokers, multi-line insurers.
KRE
SPDR S&P Regional Banking. Equal-weight regional and community banks.
KWEB
KraneShares CSI China Internet. Alibaba, Tencent, Meituan, PDD, JD.
LIT
Global X Lithium & Battery Tech. Lithium miners + battery / EV-supply-chain.
LQD
iShares iBoxx Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF. BBB and above.
MDY
SPDR S&P MidCap 400 ETF. US mid-cap broad market.
MOO
VanEck Agribusiness. Fertilizer, seed, equipment, food processors.
MTUM
iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor. Names with strongest recent price momentum.
OIH
VanEck Oil Services. Schlumberger, Halliburton, Baker Hughes, equipment-makers. The picks-and-shovels of upstream capex.
QUAL
iShares MSCI USA Quality Factor. High return on equity, stable earnings, low leverage.
RSP
Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight. Every S&P name held in equal proportion. Breadth gauge vs SPY.
SHY
iShares 1 to 3 Year Treasury Bond ETF. Short duration, cash-equivalent.
SIL
Global X Silver Miners ETF. Silver-mining equities.
SLV
iShares Silver Trust. Physical silver.
SMH
VanEck Semiconductor ETF. Concentrated chip basket (NVDA, TSMC, AVGO, AMD, ASML).
SPY
SPDR S&P 500 ETF. The US large-cap benchmark.
TAN
Invesco Solar. Solar manufacturers, developers, installers. Heavily rate-sensitive.
TLT
iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF. Long-duration government bonds. Classic safe haven.
URA
Global X Uranium. Uranium miners and the nuclear-renaissance trade.
USMV
iShares MSCI USA Min Vol Factor. Names with low realized volatility. Defensive.
UUP
Invesco DB US Dollar Bullish. Tracks DXY (USD vs EUR, JPY, GBP, CAD, SEK, CHF).
VTV
Vanguard Value. Large-cap value.
VUG
Vanguard Growth. Large-cap growth.
XBI
SPDR S&P Biotech. Equal-weight biotech (skews small-cap).
XLB
Materials Select Sector SPDR. Chemicals, metals, mining, packaging.
XLC
Communication Services Select Sector SPDR. Meta, Google, Netflix, Disney.
XLE
Energy Select Sector SPDR. Integrated majors + E&P.
XLF
Financials Select Sector SPDR. Banks, insurance, capital markets.
XLI
Industrials Select Sector SPDR. Capital goods, transports, defense, aerospace.
XLK
Technology Select Sector SPDR. Semis + software + hardware mega-caps.
XLP
Consumer Staples Select Sector SPDR. Costco, Walmart, P&G, KO.
XLRE
Real Estate Select Sector SPDR. REITs (data center, residential, retail).
XLU
Utilities Select Sector SPDR. Regulated utilities, IPPs. The bond-proxy sector.
XLV
Health Care Select Sector SPDR. Pharma + devices + providers + biotech.
XLY
Consumer Discretionary Select Sector SPDR. AMZN + TSLA dominate, plus retailers, autos, hotels.
XOP
SPDR S&P Oil & Gas E&P. Independent producers (upstream).
XPH
SPDR S&P Pharmaceuticals. Pure pharma names.
XRT
SPDR S&P Retail. Equal-weight retailers (broad goods, apparel, internet retail).
Range position
Where today's value sits between the 1-year low and the 1-year high. 0% means at the year's low. 100% means at the year's high. Used to flag washouts (low) and overextension (high).
Pearson correlation
A number from -1 to +1 measuring how closely two series move together. +1 means perfectly in step. -1 means perfectly opposite. 0 means unrelated. Used here in 120-day rolling windows.
OLS regression
Ordinary Least Squares regression. The standard way to fit a straight line through a cloud of data points: pick the line that minimises the total squared vertical distance from each point to the line.
Beta
The slope of the regression line. It tells you how much a series moves when the market (SPY here) moves. Beta of 1 means it moves in step with SPY. Beta of 2 means it moves twice as much. Beta of 0.5 means it moves half as much.
Alpha
The intercept of the regression line. It tells you what the series returns when SPY returns zero. Positive alpha means structural outperformance even after adjusting for beta. Negative alpha means structural underperformance.
R-squared
The fraction of the series' variation explained by SPY's variation. Closer to 1 means the series is essentially a beta-adjusted clone of SPY. Closer to 0 means it has its own independent life.
t-statistic
A measure of whether a regression slope is statistically distinguishable from zero. Roughly: an absolute t-statistic above 2 is usually considered significant (the relationship is not random).
Bear-steepening
The long end of the yield curve sells off harder than the middle. The curve gets steeper, but for a worrying reason: investors are demanding more term premium for owning long bonds, usually because they expect higher inflation, more Treasury issuance, or generic uncertainty.
Bull-flattening
The long end of the yield curve rallies harder than the middle. The curve gets flatter because investors are bidding long-duration bonds, usually on growth fear or expected Fed rate cuts.
Term premium
The extra yield long-bond buyers demand for tying their money up for 20 or 30 years rather than rolling shorter-dated paper. Rises with inflation worries, large debt issuance, or generic uncertainty.
Duration
How much a bond's price moves when interest rates change. Longer-maturity bonds have higher duration, so their prices swing more for a given move in yields.
Operating leverage
When most of a company's costs are fixed, a small revenue move flows mostly to profit. The textbook case is gold miners: the gold price is revenue, the cost of mining is roughly fixed, so a 44% gold-price move can produce a 100%-plus move in miner profits and miner equity.
Bond-proxy sector
A sector whose share prices behave like long-duration government bonds because their revenues and dividends are stable and predictable. Utilities (XLU), staples (XLP), and real estate (XLRE) all qualify. They rally when bond yields fall, and they fall when yields rise.
Funding currency
A currency that traders borrow cheaply to buy risk assets in other currencies. When the US Dollar weakens against everything (gold, SPY, emerging markets), it is acting as the funding leg of the risk-on trade, not as a safe haven.
Capitulation
The point in a downtrend where the last holders give up and sell. Because nobody is left to sell, capitulation often marks a near-term low. However, capitulation does not by itself mean the trend will reverse; for that you need an inflection (price actually turning back up).
Capex
Capital expenditure: money companies spend on long-lived assets like drilling rigs, factories, refineries, fibre networks. Distinct from operating expenses (salaries, raw materials, utilities), which get used up in the same period.
Credit spread
The extra yield that risky corporate bonds pay over safe US Treasuries. When spreads tighten, the market is risk-on (investors will accept less yield to take corporate risk). When spreads widen, the market is risk-off (investors demand more yield to take corporate risk).
Market breadth
The share of stocks participating in a rally. Healthy breadth means most names go up together. Narrow breadth means a few mega-cap names are doing all the index work, which is a late-cycle warning.
Debasement
Loss of purchasing power in a fiat currency over time, usually because of money-supply expansion, large fiscal deficits, or central-bank policy. When investors worry about debasement they buy gold, silver, copper, and other hard assets that cannot be printed.